The ecological fallacy in statistics is the tendency to misinterpret statistical data in order to support a preconceived notion or hypothesis.
For example, if one were studying a population of animals and found that the majority of them are eating a particular type of plant, they might mistakenly assume that this plant is providing the animals with all of their nutritional needs.
However, this data could just as easily be evidence that the majority of the animals are selecting plants based on their attractiveness rather than their nutritional content.
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