A confounder is any variable that is not taken into account in a statistical analysis and that influences the results.
For example, consider a study that compares the reading scores of students who attend public schools and students who attend private schools.
If the students who attend private schools are more affluent than the students who attend public schools, then differences in reading scores could be due to differences in socioeconomic status (SES), rather than to differences in school type.
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